Which disorder is associated with thick mucous gland secretions and salty sweat?

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by thick mucous gland secretions and salty sweat. This genetic disorder affects the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which is crucial for the movement of chloride and sodium ions in and out of cells. When this protein is dysfunctional, chloride ions cannot be properly secreted, leading to thick, sticky mucus, particularly affecting the lungs and pancreas.

Additionally, the sweat glands are also impacted. Since sweat is composed of both water and salts, the impairment in ion transport results in the body losing higher amounts of salt through sweating than normal, which is why individuals with cystic fibrosis often present with salty skin. This unique combination of symptoms is a hallmark of the disease and is often used in the diagnostic process, such as through sweat tests.

In contrast, the other options listed—cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and multiple sclerosis—are not characterized by the combination of these specific symptoms. Each of these disorders has its own distinct physiological effects and manifestations that do not include the thick mucous secretions or salty sweat that define cystic fibrosis.