What is the importance of maintaining acid-base balance in the body?

Maintaining acid-base balance in the body is crucial because it ensures optimal enzymatic and biochemical functions. The human body operates within a narrow pH range, typically around 7.35 to 7.45 for blood. Deviations from this range can lead to significant physiological disturbances. Enzymes, which are biocatalysts necessary for a vast array of biochemical reactions, are highly sensitive to pH changes. Therefore, if the pH is too acidic or too alkaline, enzyme activity can be impaired, affecting metabolic processes and overall cellular function.

Additionally, many biochemical pathways depend on specific pH levels for proper functioning. For example, processes such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and ATP production can be adversely affected when the acid-base balance is disturbed. Therefore, maintaining this balance is essential to support the body's metabolic needs and overall health.