What is a common complication of administering hypotonic solutions?

When administering hypotonic solutions, a significant complication that can arise is cerebral edema. This condition occurs because hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes compared to the body's cells. When these solutions are infused, the osmotic gradient shifts, allowing water to move into the cells. This influx of water can lead to swelling of the cells, particularly in the brain, as it accommodates the excess fluid.

Cerebral edema is particularly concerning because the brain is encased within the rigid structure of the skull, and any swelling can lead to increased intracranial pressure, which can cause neurological deficits and potentially be life-threatening. This understanding highlights the importance of carefully monitoring fluid balances and choosing appropriate intravenous solutions based on the patient's specific condition and needs.

The other choices are less relevant as common complications of hypotonic solution administration. Hypernatremia typically results from an excess of sodium or a loss of water, making it unlikely in the context of administering hypotonic solutions. Dehydration generally occurs when there is a loss of fluids and electrolytes rather than from hypotonic fluids. Hypokalemia refers to low potassium levels, which is not directly associated with hypotonic solutions as a primary complication.