What condition is characterized by low sodium levels in the blood?

Hyponatremia is the condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate water balance in the body, and its levels must be maintained within a specific range to ensure proper physiological function. When sodium levels drop below the normal range, it can lead to a variety of symptoms, including confusion, fatigue, and in severe cases, seizures or coma due to the resulting neurological effects from the imbalance. Understanding sodium levels is fundamental for managing fluid and electrolytic balance in various clinical settings.

The other conditions mentioned do not pertain to low sodium levels. Hypernatremia, for instance, refers to elevated sodium levels, while hyperkalemia and hypokalemia relate to potassium imbalance. Recognizing these distinctions is crucial in fluid and electrolyte management.