What adverse effect should a nurse monitor for when caring for a client receiving furosemide?

When caring for a client receiving furosemide, monitoring for hypokalemia is particularly important. Furosemide is a loop diuretic, which works by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle in the kidneys, leading to increased urine production. This diuretic effect also promotes the excretion of potassium, which can lead to lower potassium levels in the blood, a condition known as hypokalemia.

Hypokalemia can result in serious complications, including cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and changes in blood pressure. Therefore, it is crucial for a nurse to closely monitor the client's potassium levels through laboratory tests and assess for any clinical signs of hypokalemia, such as muscle cramps or palpitations.

While monitoring for elevated blood urea nitrogen or changes in urine specific gravity can be pertinent in assessing renal function and hydration status, these factors are not as critical as tracking potassium levels in clients who are receiving furosemide. Similarly, hypernatremia may occur due to various factors, but the specific adverse effect of concern directly related to furosemide administration is hypokalemia.