For a client whose potassium level is 5.8 mEq/L, what is the first action the nurse should take?

In instances where a client has an elevated potassium level, particularly when it reaches 5.8 mEq/L, the priority is to assess the vital signs. This action is crucial because it provides immediate information about the client's cardiovascular status, which can be significantly affected by hyperkalemia. Elevated potassium levels can lead to potentially life-threatening conditions, including arrhythmias and cardiac complications. Checking vital signs helps the nurse identify any immediate signs of distress, such as hypertension, hypotension, or changes in heart rate, enabling timely interventions.

Understanding the situation of the client through vital signs allows the nurse to make informed decisions regarding the next steps in the management of hyperkalemia, such as considering further monitoring or treatments. While other actions, such as performing an electrocardiogram or notifying a cardiac arrest team, are also important in the overall management of hyperkalemia, they would typically follow the initial assessment of the client's current status.